European Reassurance Initiative: Obama announces

President Barack Obama has announced plans for a $1bn (£600m) fund to
increase US military deployments to Europe, during a visit to Poland.
Mr Obama, who will meet Nato leaders amid concerns over the Ukraine
crisis, said the security of America's European allies was "sacrosanct".
In April, 150 US soldiers were sent to Poland for military exercises amid
growing tensions with Russia.
Mr Obama will also visit Belgium and France during his tour.
Meanwhile, Nato defence ministers are set to meet in Brussels to discuss
the long-term security implications of Russian actions over Ukraine.
The Kremlin denies Western claims that it is supporting separatists in
eastern Ukraine.
'Step up partnership'
"Our commitment to Poland's security as well as the security of our allies in
central and eastern Europe is a cornerstone of our own security and it is
sacrosanct," Mr Obama said after inspecting a joint unit of US and Polish
F-16 pilots.
Poland saw 150 US troops arrive in April and they will be joined by a
further 450 in the coming days
Mr Obama's emphasis on relations with Asian nations has left some
European leaders feeling neglected in recent years
Speaking at a news conference in Warsaw with Polish President Bronislaw
Komorowski, Mr Obama warned Russia against provoking further tensions
in Ukraine.
He said Moscow should use its influence to call off separatists in Ukraine's
east.
Mr Obama reaffirmed the US commitment to Nato's principle of collective
defence, announcing plans for a $1bn European Reassurance Initiative.
The programme, which will fund additional US military rotations to Europe,
will need congressional approval.
The US would also "step up partnership" with countries such as Ukraine and
Moldova, he added.
Mr Komorowski said Poland would increase its military budget to 2% of its
gross domestic product, a move Mr Obama welcomed as a "reminder that
every [Nato] ally needs to carry their share" in the alliance.
Nato defence spending targets
Nato's members have a target of spending 2% of their GDP on defence.
Countries that met or exceeded the target in 2013 included:
United States - 4.4%
United Kingdom - 2.4%
Greece - 2.3%
Estonia - 2%
Countries that spent less than the target in 2013 included:
France - 1.9%
Turkey - 1.8%
Poland - 1.8%
Germany - 1.3%
Lithuania - 0.8%
Overall, European members of Nato spent 1.6 %.
Source: Nato
In a statement, the White House said the European Reassurance Initiative
would not "come at the expense of other defence priorities, such as our
commitment to the Asia Pacific rebalance".
Mr Obama's emphasis on relations with Asian nations has left some Eastern
European leaders feeling neglected in recent years, the BBC's Adam Easton
in Warsaw reports.
The crisis in Ukraine has been keenly felt in a region that underwent
decades of dominance by Moscow, our correspondent adds.
Western leaders have accused Russia of worsening tensions in east Ukraine
In Belgium, Mr Obama is expected to urge Western leaders to reaffirm their
united position on Ukraine at a G7 meeting of major industrial nations.
The summit was originally to be held in Russia, but Western leaders
decided to change the venue following Moscow's annexation of Crimea in
March.
In France, the US leader will take part in ceremonies to commemorate the
70th anniversary of the D-Day landings in Normandy.
President Vladimir Putin is also invited, but the White House has already
made it clear that the American and Russian leaders will not hold formal
bilateral talks.
Washington and its European allies have repeatedly urged Moscow to de-
escalate tensions in eastern Ukraine, where fighting has continued between
separatists and government troops.
On Monday, hundreds of rebels attacked a border command centre near
the eastern city of Luhansk.
Analysis: Jonathan Marcus, BBC diplomatic correspondent,
Brussels
President Obama's request for $1bn to bolster Europe's defences is not a
lot of money in terms of the overall US defence budget.
But it may be more significant in terms of the kind of things Nato is likely
to do in response to the Russian actions in Ukraine.
This is not about a return to the Cold War. Mr Obama has described Russia
as merely "a regional power".
Indeed it is a moot point how much of a threat it really poses to Nato
territory. But specific Nato allies are worried, so something has to be done.
Modest spending will be needed to improve readiness, to mount exercises
and so on, and the US is showing that it is prepared to stump up cash.
Congress no doubt may make some comments about the Europeans
needing to do the same.